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Our findings demonstrated the important role of LeMDR in transmembrane transport and biosynthesis of shikonin.ĭysfonctionnements radio-induits du transport colique chez le ratįrançois, A.
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There might be a relationship of mutual regulation between the expression level of LeMDR and shikonin biosynthesis. Moreover, the mRNA expression level of LeMDR was up-regulated by treatment with shikonin and shikonin-positive regulators, methyl jasmonate and indole-3-acetic acid. erythrorhizon overexpressing LeMDR (MDRO) significantly enhanced shikonin production, whereas the RNA interference of LeMDR (MDRi) displayed a reverse trend. The accumulation of shikonin is lower in yeast cells transformed with LeMDR-overexpressing vector than that with empty vector. Functional analysis of LeMDR by using the yeast cell expression system revealed that LeMDR is possibly involved in the shikonin efflux transport. erythrorhizon roots, where shikonin accumulated. We successfully isolated an ATP-binding cassette protein gene, LeMDR, from L. Considering the limited knowledge on the membrane transport mechanism of shikonin, this study investigated such molecular mechanism. Shikonin is a naphthoquinone secondary metabolite with important medicinal value and is found in Lithospermum erythrorhizon. Zhu, Yu Lu, Gui-Hua Bian, Zhuo-Wu Wu, Feng-Yao Pang, Yan-Jun Wang, Xiao-Ming Yang, Rong-Wu Tang, Cheng-Yi Qi, Jin-Liang Yang, Yong-Hua Involvement of LeMDR, an ATP-binding cassette protein gene, in shikonin transport and biosynthesis in Lithospermum erythrorhizon.
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© 2017 German Society for Plant Sciences and The Royal Botanical Society of the Netherlands. Our findings provide evidence for the important direct or indirect role of LeMRP in transmembrane transport and biosynthesis of shikonin. Typical inhibitors of ABC proteins, such as azide and buthionine sulphoximine, dramatically inhibited accumulation of shikonin in hairy roots. Conversely, LeMRP RNAi decreased the accumulation of shikonin and effectively down-regulated expression level of the above genes. Real-time PCR results revealed that the enhanced shikonin biosynthesis in the overexpression lines was mainly caused by highly up-regulated expression of genes coding key enzymes ( LePAL, HMGR, Le4CL and LePGT) involved in shikonin biosynthesis. Transgenic hairy roots of L. erythrorhizon demonstrated that LeMRP overexpressing hairy roots produced more shikonin than the empty vector (EV) control. Functional analysis of LeMRP using the heterologous yeast cell expression system showed that LeMRP could be involved in shikonin transport. Real-time PCR was applied for expression analyses of LeMRP and shikonin biosynthetic enzyme genes. In this study, we isolated a cDNA encoding LeMRP, an ATP-binding cassette transporter from L. erythrorhizon, and further investigated its functions in the transport and biosynthesis of shikonin using the yeast transformation and transgenic hairy root methods, respectively. Although some membrane proteins have been identified as transporters of secondary metabolites, the mechanisms underlying shikonin transport and accumulation in L. erythrorhizon cells still remain largely unknown. Shikonin and its derivatives are important medicinal secondary metabolites accumulating in roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon. Zhu, Y Chu, S-J Luo, Y-L Fu, J-Y Tang, C-Y Lu, G-H Pang, Y-J Wang, X-M Yang, R-W Qi, J-L Yang, Y-H Involvement of LeMRP, an ATP-binding cassette transporter, in shikonin transport and biosynthesis in Lithospermum erythrorhizon.